Bolivia: A Geographic Portrait

South America's primary mountain range, the Andes,Amerindian population clusters. But these indigenous
attains one of its widest points in Bolivia. Here theBolivians still lost their land as did their Peruvian and
Andes are divided into two subranges, CordilleraEcuadorian counterparts. However, what made the
Oriental and Cordillera Occidental. Peaks in thesericher Europeans in Bolivia wealthy was not land but
areas are in excess of 20,000 feet. Between theseminerals.
subranges lies the Altiplano which contains the highestThe city of Potosi in the Cordillera Oriental became
navigable lake on earth. Lake Titicaca, which also lies inwell--known for the huge silver deposits in its
Peru, is 12,507 feet above sea level.surroundings. Zinc, copper, and other ores were found
Also in the Altiplano is one of Bolivia's capitals, La Paz.there. Bolivia's tin deposits provided a large portion of
At 11,700 feet it is one of the highest cities in the world.the country's export income throughout most of the
This region is home to one of the centers of Incatwentieth century. But in the 1980's, tin reserves
civilization and pre--Inca cultures.declined and that along with weak world prices
Lake Titicaca is what helps make the Altiplano livable.reached the point where Bolivia's antiquated mining
This body of water is large enough to temper themethods forced the industry to all but shut down.
coldness in its vicinity. Grains have been raised forOil and gas are now accounting for an increasing
centuries on the surrounding arable land up to theportion of foreign revenues. Bolivia exports much of it
amazing elevation of 12,800 feet. The area supports agas to Argentina and Brazil. In return, Brazil is
major group of subsistence farmers to this day.commtted to assisting the development of the corridor
Bolivia has had a troubled history. Aside frombetween Santa Cruz and Corumba, Brazil, in the
numerous internal struggles, the country first lost itssoutheastern lowlands. It is here that commercial
access to the Pacific Ocean in a conflict with Chile. Itagriculture--especially soybeans--is on the rise.
then lost its northern territory of Acre to Brazil in aComparatively democratic civilian rule was established
dispute involving the rubber industry in the Amazonin 1982, but leaders have faced difficult problems of
Basin. On top of all that, Bolivia was forced to give updeep-seated poverty, social unrest, and drug
55,000 square miles of southeastern Gran Chacoproduction. Current goals include attracting foreign
territory to Paraguay. Bolivia has reactivated its claiminvestment, strengthening the educational system,
to restore the Atacama corridor, ceded to Chile inresolving disputes with coca growers over Bolivia's
1884, to secure sovereign maritime access for Boliviancounterdrug efforts, and waging an anticorruption
natural gas.campaign. The country does have its problems, but it
Modern Bolivia is the product of European domination,also has its optimism.
however that influence has not affected some of the