| ((... To see the promotion of American democracy | | | | Wilson in 1915 targeted Haiti for democratization. Haiti |
| throughout the world has been always the greatest | | | | had been influenced by U.S since 1905. Some puppet |
| matter for American foreign policy...)) Nil Levis | | | | governments had come to power and were rejected |
| Journalist (New York Times) | | | | by coupe. Wilson in 1915 dispatched troops to Haiti to |
| Although history of U.S throughout twenty century, | | | | pacify and suppress Haitians who had rioted against |
| president have resembled each other but hardly you | | | | Guillaum Sam, American surrogate whom people had |
| may see both of them, though with highly time | | | | killed for revenge of his execution of opponents. |
| distances, to have similarity in their foreign policy. The | | | | Americans organized presidential election and even a |
| presidents whose foreign policy will be studied in this | | | | new constitution, as they did in Afghanistan after |
| article are Woodrow Wilson (1913- 1921) and George | | | | toppling Taliban regime. Establishing a Luyeh Jergeh, a |
| W. Bush, both of them tried to show themselves moral | | | | kind of elite assembly, Americans organized a |
| , religious and good Christians, especially Wilson as | | | | so-called election to elect president by people and |
| Presbyterianist. According to historian(Schuel, History of | | | | Hamed Karzay was elected as a American surrogate. |
| U.S, translated by E. Sedghiani,1383,Tehran,Amir Kabir | | | | American leaders, today, seek for strengthening their |
| publication)Wilson desired in keeping nations' | | | | position in Afghanistan by indicating some issues as |
| international rights. Bush also believes in helping nations | | | | Taliban's' return, Terrorism and Jeopardized |
| with rogue states to promote real democracy in the | | | | democracy in Afghanistan to manipulate public opinion |
| same way Wilson viewed, "only U.S could lead world | | | | and prepare them for their stay, understand to be |
| into a new, peaceful era of unobstructed commerce, | | | | pressed on by American citizens and international |
| free market nonexploitative capitalism, democratic | | | | community. It will happen in Iraq as well. As George |
| politics, and open diplomacy...Armament had to be | | | | Bush called people in America and world that |
| reduced" . | | | | American troops had captured Baghdad and "Iraqi |
| It is interesting to see, even different parties of which | | | | people are now free" (his speech on news), all people |
| presidents have come out but they have functioned | | | | waiting for Bush's declare end of war and time to go |
| alike in terms of foreign policy. Wilson who came to | | | | out of Iraq, but he noted sometimes directly his idea |
| office as a democratic nominee and won presidency | | | | about democratization and reconstruction, or before |
| in 1913 had a legacy of two powerful terms during T. | | | | them finding WMD and Saddam, so his speech |
| Roosevelt and a relatively weak of W.H. Taft, even | | | | implicated not to quit Iraq. Like many military missions |
| though Taft intervened in some Central American | | | | during twenty century, in Central America, that lasted |
| countries for he believed "The interventions provided | | | | some years, war on terror will continue, as Bush noted |
| America strategic and financial interests as well as | | | | in his speech. |
| convenience for these countries" .Wilson was an | | | | Wilson and Bush resemble in re-election for presidency. |
| idealist as well as realist, so he meddled and intervened | | | | Wilson in first term showed his reluctance for war and |
| in Mexico to help promote democracy. Parallel to what | | | | Americans re-elected him by the idea that "He kept us |
| Bush intend to do in Iraq and Afghanistan. But what is | | | | out of war" in 1916, but they regretted very soon |
| interesting is that a kind of exceptionalistic view can be | | | | because in 1917 America entered world war and it |
| seen in both presidents' view of democracy. Two | | | | cost 117000 casualties and 26000 death , so people |
| presidents believe that only American democracy can | | | | became exhausted and pessimistic toward war and |
| solve third world problems. One of similar aspects of | | | | Wilson. When Wilson asked people to elect democrats |
| both presidents' foreign policy is to attract nation's | | | | for congress, they did against it. Offered his peace |
| support and attention to indicate multilateralism of their | | | | treaty with 14 principles in Paris, Wilson could not |
| actions, e.g. Wilson, to support Mexican revolutionary | | | | please republican senators and representatives to |
| leaders, better to say intervention, consulted some | | | | ratify the treaty in congress. |
| South American states as Brazil, Argentina and Chile | | | | Bush profited of saddam's arrest for re-election in |
| to know their idea, and then supported Carransa | | | | 2004 presidential election for he had achieved his goal, |
| against Huerta to empower, though Americans | | | | arresting Saddam. Although Kerry could use Bush's |
| occupied its land later. The basic point is that why | | | | defeat in finding WMD to win the campaign, for it was |
| Wilson did uniquely in Mexico and did not ask | | | | Bush's main explicit excuse to attack on Iraq, but he did |
| collaboration of those countries when intervened in | | | | not , may be public attention was influenced by |
| Mexico. This is a critic to him and can be compared to | | | | arresting the dictator and Bush's triumphant, so Kerry |
| what Bush does in Iraq and Afghanistan. Bush, although | | | | under Jewish lobbies could not benefit Bush's defeat. In |
| at the break out of War on Terror parted all world | | | | congress election, November 2006, people of America |
| two parts, with America or against it, today most of | | | | shocked President Bush and voted for democrats. |
| states helped U.S fighting in Iraq but only America and | | | | Wilson entered the first world war for democracy, as |
| Britain make decision for Iraq and its future, apart from | | | | noted before, Wilson believed in multilateralism, of |
| plundering its oil by U.S and Britain, and reconstruction, | | | | course, it was due to the time because U.S could not |
| and no one can see U.N (United Nations) and Security | | | | assume itself without rival, so he planned League of |
| Council or other states' role in this issue. Of course, the | | | | Nations and introduced himself and U.S as caller for |
| reason lays on period of post cold war and the birth of | | | | peace and freedom. He said "the world must be made |
| American unilateralism after Soviet Union collapse in | | | | safe for democracy. Its peace must be planted upon |
| the late 1980s, while in first decades of twenty century | | | | the tested foundations of political liberty"(Tindall,1134).In |
| the international position was not so easy. At the break | | | | peace conference, Wilson spoke about "peace |
| of twenty century superpowers competed politically | | | | without victory"(American Age. 294).He does not like |
| and for land, while they also formed political treaty to | | | | to identify the winner, for U.S security and interests |
| act successfully in world scene. | | | | would be jeopardized by winner group in Europe and |
| In U.S, people and politicians have been introduced to | | | | world. The war, itself, had weakened both sides made |
| be conservative in different occasion. Refusing enter | | | | occasion for U.S to benefit political and economical |
| the first world war by Wilson signified it. He was | | | | opportunities. The U.S became a source of funding and |
| pressed, while he resisted, by some pro-British in | | | | credit for Allied countries in Europe. |
| America to enter the war for being Anglo-American | | | | Bush came to office after Clinton and from the very |
| and had same ancestors. Even when Lusitania was | | | | beginning criticized Clinton's foreign policy in his |
| attacked to be sunk and 128 Americans among others | | | | presidential campaign. He claimed that Clinton had |
| died. He only warned Germans by ending political | | | | pushed America to isolated policy. Setting a group of |
| relations and complained for what they did. A | | | | experts by neo-cons to modify and re-define foreign |
| competition between America and European powers | | | | policy for assessing status quo to design more |
| caused Wilson not favor of each side because | | | | important role for U.S throughout world. The politicians |
| triumphant of each side would damage U.S security, | | | | as Candoliza Rice, Paul Wolfowitz and Donald |
| power and position in world (Lafeber. Walter, The | | | | Ramsfeld and the likes planned attack after 11 |
| American Age, 1994, Norton Company, New York). | | | | September and directed Bush toward Middle East. |
| Bush's and neo-cons' doctrine as first American | | | | They believe in America unilateralism in world and say |
| government in twenty first century led America to | | | | that U.S should not trust on international organizations |
| pre-emption war, as some believe they, themselves, | | | | about different issues for they aim to weaken U.S. |
| caused the war broke out. The attack on September | | | | According to such an idea, Bush pretends apparently |
| 11 aroused war and was a manipulated tragedy. A | | | | to follow Security Council of U.N on international issues, |
| tragedy designed to attract Americans and congress | | | | but all witnessed while Security Council inspectors did |
| to make them supporters of war, the target Bush and | | | | not confirm WMD in Iraq, Bush announced America |
| Neo-cons wanted to reach. Bush as Wilson has made | | | | right to attack Iraq to find weapons and paid no |
| democratization and toppling rogue states as a goal in | | | | attention to international and domestic opposition. During |
| world. Ideally he thinks of nation-building in Iraq and | | | | its history U.N has not been as weak as it is |
| Afghanistan and envisions it as his American mission | | | | In general, if some one pays a careful attention to U.S |
| (Fukuyama, Nation-Building, p. 1), but does not | | | | history, he will find out, despite of party competition and |
| understand that "it is state-building rather than | | | | rivalry, all American presidents completed the function |
| nation-building" (Fukuyama, 3). | | | | of others in the past. |