Role of Computers in the Promotion of Environmental Education

Computers have caused a revolution in education, butother privately, or publicly as members of large
the tremendous changes seen in the last decade maydiscussion groups. Computer conferences are
be surpassed in the next as those computers areorganized much like those where people meet
connected in a global education network.face-to-face, except that the meeting rooms are inside
Teachers and high school students sample the watereach participant's computer. Computer conferences
in Lake Baikal in Siberia while at other lakes around thetranscend time zones, since participants review and
world, other teachers and students take similarcomment on each others' written postings as their time
samples from local lakes and subject them to theand interest allows. Everyone gets to read and think
same simple water-quality tests. Via their schoolabout questions or statements posed in a conference,
computers, they exchange their results and theirand everyone has a co-equal opportunity to reply.
observations about how water pollution problems areComputer networking is making classroom walls
the same around the world. They are part of a "globaldisappear. Real environmental problems are entering
laboratory" project that includes scientists specializing inthe classroom with immediacy via computer nets, and
water pollution.students are jointly seeking understanding and solutions
A similar computer network pins citizen activists, joinedwith scientists, citizen activists, journalists, government
with students, teachers and scientists, in "sisterofficials and community leaders of all kinds. While
watershed" groups throughout the world.access to computer networks is still remote for most
Amateur birdwatchers and biologists pool their rarepeople on the planet, it is becoming more and more
bird sightings in a North American computer networkavailable to the gatekeepers and opinion-leaders who
that is linked with bird researchers in Central Americahelp shape common understanding of the global
and South America.situation. The increasing abundance of the multiple
The differences between classroom and communityinformation sources available via computer networks, if
education are blurred on the global computer networks.viewed as a well-stocked marketplace, may also
Voluntary organizations, government agencies,stimulate demand for more and better goods by the
students and teachers are all involved in a real thatworld's information consumers.
has become, for many, a virtual classroom, withoutCitizen participation in the 1992 United Nations
walls, and increasingly without borders.Conference on Environment and Development
Already, pilot projects have high school students(UNCED), for example, has been ccoordinated via
sharing the methods and results from field studies ofcomputer networks on seven continents, giving NGOs
environmental quality, using computeraccess to complete text of the preparatory
telecommunication to leap national boundaries.committee documents, and providing public forums for
Elementary school children share their life experiencesnews and issue discussion. This availability of
end visions of the future the same way. Theirinformation has a dramatic effect on how an event
messages to one another, passed with tremendoussuch as UNCED permeates the mass media
speed and shared simultaneously among manyeverywhere.
classrooms, provide strong, personal lessons in science,Underlying the often chaotic view presented by the
geography and human relations.mass media, structures are developing to channel the
Environmental education curriculum development,new rivers of information to empower this and coming
pursued independently and often in isolation bygenerations to deal with the issues it describes. A
teachers, school districts and universities over the pastvariety of efforts at computer networking for
two decades, is now linked in a global forum that canenvironmental education provide some great models.
respond immediately to the ever more complex andAt the root, these efforts are all based on the same
urgent environmental problems the world faces.notion: that environmental problems must be viewed
Teachers the world over are connecting with theirwith a global perspective, but responded to by
counterparts to discuss how they can do their jobsindividuals acting locally, in their own communities or
better. Co-ordination of international education projectshomes.
is less burdened by the constraints of time and travelAll of this new technology is not without cost, and the
budgets as computer networks provide forums fordeveloped countries are clearly ahead in providing
collaboration.computer access for education. But even in the United
The technology for this exchange takes advantage ofStates, where computer telecommunication is
the personal computer's ability to communicate overbecoming commonplace, profit rather than educational
standard phone lines using a modem. The simplestreform is a dominant force in determining who gets
networks connect personal computers in aaccess.
"store-and-forward" system that echoes messagesThe harsh reality has motivated citizen computer
from one to the next, until all have copies. Thesenetworks to band together in the international
least-cost networks are linked to larger, fasterAssociation for Progressive Communications (APC) to
computers that act as central information storagemake computer network access broadly available.
banks and relay stations. They in turn exchangeThe APC hosts several promising educational efforts
information with one another and tap the power andon its partner computer networks that now extend to
data in computer systems at major research andmore than 90 countries around the globe. These
educational institutions.services may be tapped by anyone with a personal
In many ways this vast new sea of informationcomputer and modem, often via a local call, at costs
presents its own challenges, often akin to "drinkingroughly equivalent to a newspaper subscription or
water from a fire hose." The enormous glut of factmonthly telephone bill.
and opinion is impossible to take in, and has forcedThe education projects offered on the APC networks
those who would taste its power to devise new waysare examples of how low-budget computer
for organizing and sampling the information flow.communication can fit into community programs and
Electronic mail services and computer "conferencing"classrooms.
let students and teachers communicate with each