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Article #22: Electrical Plug Adapters

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There are two essential aspects to take Myanmar (formerly Burma) 230V 50 Hz
note of. At the first instance, it is Namibia 220V 50 Hz
important to note that the electrical Nauru 240V 50 Hz
power specifications may vary from Nepal 230V 50 Hz
country to country that you are visiting. Netherlands 230V 50 Hz
Not many countries have a electrical Netherlands Antilles 127/220V* 50 Hz
power specification as you have at home, New Caledonia 220V 50 Hz
and hence you should have the right New Zealand 230V 50 Hz
adapter with you when you travel abroad. Nicaragua 120V 60 Hz
Secondly, the kind of wall mounted power Niger 220V 50 Hz
outlet sockets in most of the countries, Nigeria 240V 50 Hz
are not usually the ones that you find at Northern Ireland (see United Kingdom)
home. It is entirely different, and your Norway 230V 50 Hz
device power input plug may not fit into Okinawa 100V* 60 Hz
that socket at all. Oman 240V* 50 Hz
The mains power voltage specifications Pakistan 230V 50 Hz
differ from country to country. For Palmyra Atoll 120V 60Hz
example, the electrical and electronic Panama 110V* 60 Hz
devices in U.S. operate on 120 Volts AC, Papua New Guinea 240V 50 Hz
but the United Kingdom has a 220 volts AC Paraguay 220V 50 Hz
outlet, which is different from the one Peru 220V* 60 Hz*
in the United States. Secondly, your Philippines 220V 60 Hz
device power input plug will never fit Poland 230V 50 Hz
the power outlet sockets available in the Portugal 230V 50 Hz
United Kingdom. Therefore, if you are Puerto Rico 120V 60 Hz
traveling from home to the United Qatar 240V 50 Hz
Kingdom, you do not only need an adapter Réunion Island 220V 50Hz
for your device power input plug, but a Romania 230V 50 Hz
voltage converter as well, of the type Russian Federation 220V 50 Hz
which would convert the 220 Volts AC Rwanda 230V 50 Hz
electrical power output to 110 Volts AC St. Kitts and Nevis (Leeward Is.) 230V 60
for your device to work properly. Hz
It is recommended that, when-ever you St. Lucia (Windward Is.) 240V 50 Hz
plan your next visit abroad, take a look St. Vincent (Windward Is.) 230V 50 Hz
at the guide of the power outlet Saudi Arabia 127/220V 60 Hz
specifications available in the country Scotland (See United Kingdom)
or countries that you are visiting and Senegal 230V 50 Hz
prepare yourself to carry appropriate Serbia-Montenegro 220V 50 Hz
electrical accessories for those devices Seychelles 240V 50 Hz
to work properly. There are indeed Sierra Leone 230V 50 Hz
universal plug adapters available, which Singapore 230V 50 Hz
will comply with the power out input Slovak Republic 230V 50 Hz
sockets of many countries, but the need Slovenia 220V 50 Hz
of voltage converters cannot be ignored Somalia 220V* 50 Hz
A guide to international electric outlet South Africa 220/230V* 50 Hz
specification is presented below: Spain 230V 50 Hz
COUNTRY VOLTAGE FREQUENCY Sri Lanka 230V 50 Hz
Afghanistan Sudan 230V 50 Hz
220V 50 Hz Suriname 127V 60 Hz
Albania Swaziland 230V 50 Hz
20V* 50 Hz Sweden 230V 50 Hz
Algeria Switzerland 230V 50 Hz
230V 50 Hz Syria 220V 50 Hz
American Samoa Tahiti 110/220V 60 Hz
120V 60 Hz Tajikistan 220V 50 Hz
Andorra Taiwan 110V 60 Hz
230V 50Hz Tanzania 230V 50 Hz
Angola Thailand 220V 50 Hz
220V 50 Hz Togo 220V* 50 Hz
Anguilla Tonga 240V 50 Hz
110V 60Hz Trinidad & Tobago 115V 60 Hz
Antigua Tunisia 230V 50 Hz
230V* 60 Hz Turkey 230V 50 Hz
Argentina 220V 50 Hz Turkmenistan 220V 50 Hz
Armenia 220V 50 Hz Uganda 240V 50 Hz
Aruba 127V* 60 Hz Australia 230V* 50 Hz Ukraine 220V 50 Hz
Austria 230V 50 Hz United Arab Emirates 220V* 50 Hz
Azerbaijan 220V 50 Hz United Kingdom 230V* 50 Hz
Azores 220V* 50 Hz United States of America 120V 60 Hz
Bahamas 120V 60 Hz Uruguay 220V 50 Hz
Bahrain 230V* 50 Hz* Uzbekistan 220V 50 Hz
Balearic Islands 220V 50 Hz Vanuatu 230V 50 Hz
Bangladesh 220V 50 Hz Venezuela 120V 60 Hz
Barbados 115V 50 Hz Vietnam 127/220V* 50 Hz
Belarus 220V 50 Hz Virgin Islands (British and U.S.) 115V 60
Belgium 230V 50 Hz Hz
Belize 110/220V 60 Hz Wales (See United Kingdom)
Benin 220V 50 Hz Western Samoa 230V 50 Hz
Bermuda 120V 60 Hz Yemen, Rep. of 220/230V 50 Hz
Bhutan 230V 50 Hz Yugoslavia (Former) 220V 50 Hz
Bolivia 220/230V* 50 Hz Zambia 230V 50 Hz
Bosnia 220V 50 Hz Zimbabwe 220V 50 Hz
Botswana 231V 50 Hz Primary sources: Electric Current Abroad
Brazil 110/220V* 60 Hz (1998 edition), U.S. Department of
Brunei 240V 50 Hz Commerce, National Technical Information
Bulgaria 230V 50 Hz Service; World Electricity Supplies and
Burkina Faso 220V 50 Hz Electrical Plugs; an International
Burundi 220V 50 Hz Survey, (both 1993), British Standards
Cambodia 230V 50 Hz Institute. Additionally, since this
Cameroon 220V 50 Hz table was first posted in late 1995,
Canada 120V 60 Hz numerous revisions have (and continue to
Canary Islands 220V 50 Hz be) made as a result of personal
Cape Verde 220V 50 Hz observations or reports from other
Cayman Islands 120V 60 Hz travelers.
Central African Republic 220V 50 Hz For further references please visit
Chad 220V 50Hz Now, it is not the question of having the
Channel Islands 230V 50 Hz right adapter with you when you visit
Chile 220V 50 Hz abroad. You must be also concerned with
China, People's Republic of 220V 50 Hz the electrical power specification that
Colombia 110V 60Hz is available in the country of your
Comoros 220V 50 Hz visit. Looking at the guide above, it is
Congo, People's Rep. of 230V 50 Hz clearly understood that your electrical
Congo, Dem. Rep. of (former Zaire) 220V and electronic devices will require not
50 Hz only plug adapters but also a built-in or
Cook Islands 240V 50 Hz separate voltage converter. If you are
Costa Rica 120V 60 Hz planning a visit to the United Kingdom,
Côte d'Ivoire you will need a device which converts the
(Ivory Coast) 220V 50 Hz electrical power of 230 Volts Alternating
Croatia 230V 50Hz Current (AC) to 110 Volts AC before you
Cuba 110/220V 60Hz can apply that power to your equipment..
Cyprus 240V 50 Hz These converters need to be of the right
Czech Republic 230V 50 Hz specification of providing the right
Denmark 230V 50 Hz output alternating current and the
Djibouti 220V 50 Hz frequency as well for your equipment to
Dominica 230V 50 Hz work correctly.
Dominican Republic 110V 60 Hz If you need to charge your digital camera
East Timor 220V 50 Hz in Beijing, you will need an adapter
Ecuador 120-127V 60 Hz which lets you plug in your charger on
Egypt 220V 50 Hz the wall socket. That's not all. Beijing
El Salvador 115V 60 Hz has an electrical power output of 220
England (See United Kingdom) Volts AC with 50 Hz frequency and your
Equatorial Guinea 220V* 50 Hz charger can only accept an input voltage
Eritrea 230V 50 Hz of 120 Volts AC and 60Hz. Hz, which is
Estonia 230V 50 Hz the short form of Hertz, is the number of
Ethiopia 220V 50 Hz cycles the alternating voltage goes
Faeroe Islands 220V 50 Hz through one cycle. This AC output voltage
Falkland Islands 240V 50 Hz is normally a sine-wave, alternating
Fiji 240V 50 Hz between a positive and a negative level.
Finland 230V 50 Hz This is a smooth variation with time as
France 230V 50 Hz the other variant, and completion of one
French Guiana 220V 50 Hz such cycle in one second is termed as
Gaza 230V 50 Hz 1Hz. Therefore, a 110 Volt AC of 60 Hz
Gabon 220V 50 Hz has 60 cycles in one second.
Gambia 230V 50 Hz Remaining on the aspect of charging your
Germany 230V 50 Hz digital camera in Beijing, you do not
Ghana 230V 50 Hz only need a plug adapter but also the
Gibraltar 240V 50 Hz right voltage converter, which will give
Great Britain (See United Kingdom) you a 120 Volts AC, 60 Hz output from an
Greece 220V 50 Hz input of 220 Volts AC of 50 Hz, which is
Greenland 220V 50 Hz the standard electrical power in China.
Grenada (Windward Is.) 230V 50 Hz The converted AC voltage applied to your
Guadeloupe 230V 50 Hz charger produces a much lower Direct
Guam 110V 60Hz Current (DC) voltage output to your
Guatemala 120V 60 Hz digital camera, for charging the camera's
Guinea 220V 50 Hz re-chargeable battery. Application of the
Guinea-Bissau 220V 50 Hz direct 220 Volts AC output, without a
Guyana 240V* 60 Hz* converter will not only destroy the
Haiti 110V 60 Hz charger unit but may also damage your
Honduras 110V 60 Hz digital camera, if it is plugged into the
Hong Kong 220V* 50 Hz charger,
Hungary 230V 50 Hz Therefore, when you travel abroad, it is
Iceland 220V 50 Hz desirable that you check the electrical
India 230V 50 Hz power specification of the country or
Indonesia 127/230V* 50 Hz countries that you are visiting. At the
Iran 230V 50 Hz same time you should determine the plug
Iraq 230V 50 Hz adapter that you would be wanting. For
Ireland (Eire) 230 50 Hz this purpose you may like to visit for
Isle of Man 240V 50 Hz more information.
Israel 230V 50 Hz Voltage converters are available in
Italy 230V 50 Hz different specifications, which mainly
Ivory Coast (See Côte d'Ivoire) depend upon the purpose of its
Jamaica 110V 50 Hz application. For example, a voltage
Japan 100V 50/60 Hz* converter for your digital camera
Jordan 230V 50 Hz recharging unit will be much smaller than
Kenya 240V 50 Hz the one you would need to turn on your
Kazakhstan 220V 50 Hz iron, if you have one with you. The
Kiribati 240V 50 Hz varying sizes of such converters depend
Korea, South 220V 60 Hz upon the kind of alternating current or
Kuwait 240V 50 Hz wattage that you would require to either
Laos 230V 50 Hz turn on the charger or the iron. The
Latvia 220V 50 Hz wattage along with the specification of
Lebanon 110/220V 50 Hz input and output voltages are generally
Lesotho 220V 50 Hz specified on the body of the converter
Liberia 120V 60 Hz units that you are buying.
Libya 127V* 50 Hz There are adapters available which cater
Lithuania 220V 50 Hz for multi-voltage operation. For example,
Liechtenstein 230V 50 Hz the adapter itself will give you an
Luxembourg 220V 50 Hz option to be switched from 110 Volts AC
Macau 220V 50 Hz output to 230 volts AC output. This is
Macedonia 220V 50 Hz done through a toggle, at times appearing
Madagascar 220V 50 Hz as a screw head on the converter body
Madeira 220V 50 Hz itself. But then again you may need a
Malawi 230V 50 Hz plug adapter to plug this mini-converter
Malaysia 240V 50 Hz in the electrical power source available
Maldives 230V 50 Hz in the country that you are visiting. In
Mali 220V 50 Hz certain countries the electrical power
Malta 240V 50 Hz may have surges. Surges are high
Martinique 220V 50 Hz frequency levels of very high voltages,
Mauritania 220V 50 Hz suddenly appearing at the output of the
Mauritius 230V 50 Hz power source for a fraction of a
Mexico 127V 60 Hz millisecond or even micro-second. There
Micronesia (Federal States of) 120V 60 Hz are such adapters which are available
Monaco 127/220V 50 Hz with surge protection. Please bear in
Mongolia 230V mind, thunderstorms can produce these
Montserrat (Leeward Is.) 230V 60 Hz electrical surges which may damage your
Morocco 127/220V* 50 Hz equipment.
Mozambique 220V 50 Hz






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