| There are two essential aspects to take note | | | | |
| of. At the first instance, it is important to | | | | Madagascar 220V 50 Hz |
| note that the electrical power specifications | | | | |
| may vary from country to country that you are | | | | Madeira 220V 50 Hz |
| visiting. Not many countries have a | | | | |
| electrical power specification as you have at | | | | Malawi 230V 50 Hz |
| home, and hence you should have the right | | | | |
| adapter with you when you travel abroad. | | | | Malaysia 240V 50 Hz |
| Secondly, the kind of wall mounted power | | | | |
| outlet sockets in most of the countries, are | | | | Maldives 230V 50 Hz |
| not usually the ones that you find at home. | | | | |
| It is entirely different, and your device | | | | Mali 220V 50 Hz |
| power input plug may not fit into that socket | | | | |
| at all. | | | | Malta 240V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| The mains power voltage specifications differ | | | | Martinique 220V 50 Hz |
| from country to country. For example, the | | | | |
| electrical and electronic devices in U.S. | | | | Mauritania 220V 50 Hz |
| operate on 120 Volts AC, but the United | | | | |
| Kingdom has a 220 volts AC outlet, which is | | | | Mauritius 230V 50 Hz |
| different from the one in the United States. | | | | |
| Secondly, your device power input plug will | | | | Mexico 127V 60 Hz |
| never fit the power outlet sockets available | | | | |
| in the United Kingdom. Therefore, if you are | | | | Micronesia (Federal States of) 120V 60 Hz |
| traveling from home to the United Kingdom, | | | | |
| you do not only need an adapter for your | | | | Monaco 127/220V 50 Hz |
| device power input plug, but a voltage | | | | |
| converter as well, of the type which would | | | | Mongolia 230V |
| convert the 220 Volts AC electrical power | | | | |
| output to 110 Volts AC for your device to | | | | Montserrat (Leeward Is.) 230V 60 Hz |
| work properly. | | | | |
| | | | Morocco 127/220V* 50 Hz |
| It is recommended that, when-ever you plan | | | | |
| your next visit abroad, take a look at the | | | | Mozambique 220V 50 Hz |
| guide of the power outlet specifications | | | | |
| available in the country or countries that | | | | Myanmar (formerly Burma) 230V 50 Hz |
| you are visiting and prepare yourself to | | | | |
| carry appropriate electrical accessories for | | | | Namibia 220V 50 Hz |
| those devices to work properly. There are | | | | |
| indeed universal plug adapters available, | | | | Nauru 240V 50 Hz |
| which will comply with the power out input | | | | |
| sockets of many countries, but the need of | | | | Nepal 230V 50 Hz |
| voltage converters cannot be ignored | | | | |
| | | | Netherlands 230V 50 Hz |
| A guide to international electric outlet | | | | |
| specification is presented below: | | | | Netherlands Antilles 127/220V* 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| COUNTRY VOLTAGE FREQUENCY | | | | New Caledonia 220V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Afghanistan | | | | New Zealand 230V 50 Hz |
| 220V 50 Hz | | | | |
| | | | Nicaragua 120V 60 Hz |
| Albania | | | | |
| 20V* 50 Hz | | | | Niger 220V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Algeria | | | | Nigeria 240V 50 Hz |
| 230V 50 Hz | | | | |
| | | | Northern Ireland (see United Kingdom) |
| American Samoa | | | | |
| 120V 60 Hz | | | | Norway 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Andorra | | | | Okinawa 100V* 60 Hz |
| 230V 50Hz | | | | |
| | | | Oman 240V* 50 Hz |
| Angola | | | | |
| 220V 50 Hz | | | | Pakistan 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Anguilla | | | | Palmyra Atoll 120V 60Hz |
| 110V 60Hz | | | | |
| | | | Panama 110V* 60 Hz |
| Antigua | | | | |
| 230V* 60 Hz | | | | Papua New Guinea 240V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Argentina 220V 50 Hz | | | | Paraguay 220V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Armenia 220V 50 Hz | | | | Peru 220V* 60 Hz* |
| | | | |
| Aruba 127V* 60 Hz Australia 230V* 50 Hz | | | | Philippines 220V 60 Hz |
| | | | |
| Austria 230V 50 Hz | | | | Poland 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Azerbaijan 220V 50 Hz | | | | Portugal 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Azores 220V* 50 Hz | | | | Puerto Rico 120V 60 Hz |
| | | | |
| Bahamas 120V 60 Hz | | | | Qatar 240V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Bahrain 230V* 50 Hz* | | | | Réunion Island 220V 50Hz |
| | | | |
| Balearic Islands 220V 50 Hz | | | | Romania 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Bangladesh 220V 50 Hz | | | | Russian Federation 220V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Barbados 115V 50 Hz | | | | Rwanda 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Belarus 220V 50 Hz | | | | St. Kitts and Nevis (Leeward Is.) 230V 60 Hz |
| | | | |
| Belgium 230V 50 Hz | | | | St. Lucia (Windward Is.) 240V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Belize 110/220V 60 Hz | | | | St. Vincent (Windward Is.) 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Benin 220V 50 Hz | | | | Saudi Arabia 127/220V 60 Hz |
| | | | |
| Bermuda 120V 60 Hz | | | | Scotland (See United Kingdom) |
| | | | |
| Bhutan 230V 50 Hz | | | | Senegal 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Bolivia 220/230V* 50 Hz | | | | Serbia-Montenegro 220V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Bosnia 220V 50 Hz | | | | Seychelles 240V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Botswana 231V 50 Hz | | | | Sierra Leone 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Brazil 110/220V* 60 Hz | | | | Singapore 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Brunei 240V 50 Hz | | | | Slovak Republic 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Bulgaria 230V 50 Hz | | | | Slovenia 220V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Burkina Faso 220V 50 Hz | | | | Somalia 220V* 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Burundi 220V 50 Hz | | | | South Africa 220/230V* 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Cambodia 230V 50 Hz | | | | Spain 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Cameroon 220V 50 Hz | | | | Sri Lanka 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Canada 120V 60 Hz | | | | Sudan 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Canary Islands 220V 50 Hz | | | | Suriname 127V 60 Hz |
| | | | |
| Cape Verde 220V 50 Hz | | | | Swaziland 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Cayman Islands 120V 60 Hz | | | | Sweden 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Central African Republic 220V 50 Hz | | | | Switzerland 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Chad 220V 50Hz | | | | Syria 220V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Channel Islands 230V 50 Hz | | | | Tahiti 110/220V 60 Hz |
| | | | |
| Chile 220V 50 Hz | | | | Tajikistan 220V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| China, People's Republic of 220V 50 Hz | | | | Taiwan 110V 60 Hz |
| | | | |
| Colombia 110V 60Hz | | | | Tanzania 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Comoros 220V 50 Hz | | | | Thailand 220V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Congo, People's Rep. of 230V 50 Hz | | | | Togo 220V* 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Congo, Dem. Rep. of (former Zaire) 220V 50 Hz | | | | Tonga 240V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Cook Islands 240V 50 Hz | | | | Trinidad & Tobago 115V 60 Hz |
| | | | |
| Costa Rica 120V 60 Hz | | | | Tunisia 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Côte d'Ivoire | | | | Turkey 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| (Ivory Coast) 220V 50 Hz | | | | Turkmenistan 220V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Croatia 230V 50Hz | | | | Uganda 240V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Cuba 110/220V 60Hz | | | | Ukraine 220V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Cyprus 240V 50 Hz | | | | United Arab Emirates 220V* 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Czech Republic 230V 50 Hz | | | | United Kingdom 230V* 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Denmark 230V 50 Hz | | | | United States of America 120V 60 Hz |
| | | | |
| Djibouti 220V 50 Hz | | | | Uruguay 220V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Dominica 230V 50 Hz | | | | Uzbekistan 220V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Dominican Republic 110V 60 Hz | | | | Vanuatu 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| East Timor 220V 50 Hz | | | | Venezuela 120V 60 Hz |
| | | | |
| Ecuador 120-127V 60 Hz | | | | Vietnam 127/220V* 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Egypt 220V 50 Hz | | | | Virgin Islands (British and U.S.) 115V 60 Hz |
| | | | |
| El Salvador 115V 60 Hz | | | | Wales (See United Kingdom) |
| | | | |
| England (See United Kingdom) | | | | Western Samoa 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Equatorial Guinea 220V* 50 Hz | | | | Yemen, Rep. of 220/230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Eritrea 230V 50 Hz | | | | Yugoslavia (Former) 220V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Estonia 230V 50 Hz | | | | Zambia 230V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Ethiopia 220V 50 Hz | | | | Zimbabwe 220V 50 Hz |
| | | | |
| Faeroe Islands 220V 50 Hz | | | | Primary sources: Electric Current Abroad |
| | | | (1998 edition), U.S. Department of Commerce, |
| Falkland Islands 240V 50 Hz | | | | National Technical Information Service; World |
| | | | Electricity Supplies and Electrical Plugs; an |
| Fiji 240V 50 Hz | | | | International Survey, (both 1993), British |
| | | | Standards Institute. Additionally, since |
| Finland 230V 50 Hz | | | | this table was first posted in late 1995, |
| | | | numerous revisions have (and continue to be) |
| France 230V 50 Hz | | | | made as a result of personal observations or |
| | | | reports from other travelers. |
| French Guiana 220V 50 Hz | | | | |
| | | | For further references please visit |
| Gaza 230V 50 Hz | | | | |
| | | | Now, it is not the question of having the |
| Gabon 220V 50 Hz | | | | right adapter with you when you visit abroad. |
| | | | You must be also concerned with the |
| Gambia 230V 50 Hz | | | | electrical power specification that is |
| | | | available in the country of your visit. |
| Germany 230V 50 Hz | | | | Looking at the guide above, it is clearly |
| | | | understood that your electrical and |
| Ghana 230V 50 Hz | | | | electronic devices will require not only plug |
| | | | adapters but also a built-in or separate |
| Gibraltar 240V 50 Hz | | | | voltage converter. If you are planning a |
| | | | visit to the United Kingdom, you will need a |
| Great Britain (See United Kingdom) | | | | device which converts the electrical power of |
| | | | 230 Volts Alternating Current (AC) to 110 |
| Greece 220V 50 Hz | | | | Volts AC before you can apply that power to |
| | | | your equipment.. These converters need to be |
| Greenland 220V 50 Hz | | | | of the right specification of providing the |
| | | | right output alternating current and the |
| Grenada (Windward Is.) 230V 50 Hz | | | | frequency as well for your equipment to work |
| | | | correctly. |
| Guadeloupe 230V 50 Hz | | | | |
| | | | If you need to charge your digital camera in |
| Guam 110V 60Hz | | | | Beijing, you will need an adapter which lets |
| | | | you plug in your charger on the wall socket. |
| Guatemala 120V 60 Hz | | | | That's not all. Beijing has an electrical |
| | | | power output of 220 Volts AC with 50 Hz |
| Guinea 220V 50 Hz | | | | frequency and your charger can only accept an |
| | | | input voltage of 120 Volts AC and 60Hz. Hz, |
| Guinea-Bissau 220V 50 Hz | | | | which is the short form of Hertz, is the |
| | | | number of cycles the alternating voltage goes |
| Guyana 240V* 60 Hz* | | | | through one cycle. This AC output voltage is |
| | | | normally a sine-wave, alternating between a |
| Haiti 110V 60 Hz | | | | positive and a negative level. This is a |
| | | | smooth variation with time as the other |
| Honduras 110V 60 Hz | | | | variant, and completion of one such cycle in |
| | | | one second is termed as 1Hz. Therefore, a 110 |
| Hong Kong 220V* 50 Hz | | | | Volt AC of 60 Hz has 60 cycles in one second. |
| | | | |
| Hungary 230V 50 Hz | | | | Remaining on the aspect of charging your |
| | | | digital camera in Beijing, you do not only |
| Iceland 220V 50 Hz | | | | need a plug adapter but also the right |
| | | | voltage converter, which will give you a 120 |
| India 230V 50 Hz | | | | Volts AC, 60 Hz output from an input of 220 |
| | | | Volts AC of 50 Hz, which is the standard |
| Indonesia 127/230V* 50 Hz | | | | electrical power in China. The converted AC |
| | | | voltage applied to your charger produces a |
| Iran 230V 50 Hz | | | | much lower Direct Current (DC) voltage output |
| | | | to your digital camera, for charging the |
| Iraq 230V 50 Hz | | | | camera's re-chargeable battery. Application |
| | | | of the direct 220 Volts AC output, without a |
| Ireland (Eire) 230 50 Hz | | | | converter will not only destroy the charger |
| | | | unit but may also damage your digital camera, |
| Isle of Man 240V 50 Hz | | | | if it is plugged into the charger, |
| | | | |
| Israel 230V 50 Hz | | | | Therefore, when you travel abroad, it is |
| | | | desirable that you check the electrical power |
| Italy 230V 50 Hz | | | | specification of the country or countries |
| | | | that you are visiting. At the same time you |
| Ivory Coast (See Côte d'Ivoire) | | | | should determine the plug adapter that you |
| | | | would be wanting. For this purpose you may |
| Jamaica 110V 50 Hz | | | | like to visit for more information. |
| | | | |
| Japan 100V 50/60 Hz* | | | | Voltage converters are available in different |
| | | | specifications, which mainly depend upon the |
| Jordan 230V 50 Hz | | | | purpose of its application. For example, a |
| | | | voltage converter for your digital camera |
| Kenya 240V 50 Hz | | | | recharging unit will be much smaller than the |
| | | | one you would need to turn on your iron, if |
| Kazakhstan 220V 50 Hz | | | | you have one with you. The varying sizes of |
| | | | such converters depend upon the kind of |
| Kiribati 240V 50 Hz | | | | alternating current or wattage that you would |
| | | | require to either turn on the charger or the |
| Korea, South 220V 60 Hz | | | | iron. The wattage along with the |
| | | | specification of input and output voltages |
| Kuwait 240V 50 Hz | | | | are generally specified on the body of the |
| | | | converter units that you are buying. |
| Laos 230V 50 Hz | | | | |
| | | | There are adapters available which cater for |
| Latvia 220V 50 Hz | | | | multi-voltage operation. For example, the |
| | | | adapter itself will give you an option to be |
| Lebanon 110/220V 50 Hz | | | | switched from 110 Volts AC output to 230 |
| | | | volts AC output. This is done through a |
| Lesotho 220V 50 Hz | | | | toggle, at times appearing as a screw head on |
| | | | the converter body itself. But then again you |
| Liberia 120V 60 Hz | | | | may need a plug adapter to plug this |
| | | | mini-converter in the electrical power source |
| Libya 127V* 50 Hz | | | | available in the country that you are |
| | | | visiting. In certain countries the electrical |
| Lithuania 220V 50 Hz | | | | power may have surges. Surges are high |
| | | | frequency levels of very high voltages, |
| Liechtenstein 230V 50 Hz | | | | suddenly appearing at the output of the power |
| | | | source for a fraction of a millisecond or |
| Luxembourg 220V 50 Hz | | | | even micro-second. There are such adapters |
| | | | which are available with surge protection. |
| Macau 220V 50 Hz | | | | Please bear in mind, thunderstorms can |
| | | | produce these electrical surges which may |
| Macedonia 220V 50 Hz | | | | damage your equipment. |