| Bolivia is a country in South America located at the | | | | sicu (also "sicus") or zampona |
| Andes mountains. It has a significant Native American | | | | quena |
| population which mixed Spanish cultural elements with | | | | tarka or tharqa |
| their ancestors' traditions. The Spanish-speaking | | | | pinkillo |
| population mainly follows the Western customs. | | | | skin drums |
| Festivals | | | | bronze gongs |
| Pagan rites from the pre-Columbian era are still | | | | copper bells |
| common during the religious festivals of the Indians. | | | | charango: Has five pairs of strings and looks like a |
| The clothing used during the festivals reminds the | | | | small guitar. Traditionally it was made from the shells of |
| visitor of the pre-Columbian Indians and the 16th | | | | armadillos, but today it is mostly made of wood. |
| century Spaniards. | | | | The quena (quechua: qina, sometimes also written |
| Dances | | | | "kena" in English) is the traditional flute of the Andes. |
| Many dances and songs contain elements from both | | | | Usually made of bamboo, it has 6 finger holes and one |
| the native and the Mediterranean culture; obviously | | | | thumb hole and is open on both ends. To produce |
| they suffered a strong Spanish influence during colonial | | | | sound, the player closes the top end of the pipe with |
| times. | | | | the flesh between his chin and lower lip, and blows a |
| Clothing | | | | stream of air downward, along the axis of the pipe, |
| It is fashionable among Bolivian Andean women of | | | | over an elliptical notch cut into the end. |
| indigenous descent wear a skirt called a pollera. It was | | | | The Quenacho (also "kenacho" in English) is a larger, |
| originally a Spanish peasant skirt that the colonial | | | | lower-toned version of the quena and made the same |
| authorities forced the indigenous women to wear. Now | | | | way. |
| it is also a symbol of pride in being indigenous and is | | | | Other flutes |
| also considered a status symbol. | | | | Other Andean flutes include : |
| Another fashion is the bowler hat, which was adopted | | | | The pinquillo, which is similar in look and operation to a |
| from the British. The position of the hat can indicate a | | | | recorder; |
| woman's marital status and aspirations. | | | | The tarka (or tharqa), which also operates like a |
| Music | | | | recorder but is comparatively shorter and quite angular |
| Music in the Andean regions is played during the | | | | in shape, requires greater breath, and has a darker, |
| festivals and the dances. Some tunes contain strong | | | | more penetrating sound; |
| Spanish influences. | | | | The moseno, a dual-tube bamboo flute that has a |
| The most common musical instruments are: | | | | deep sound. |